When conducting meetings and interacting with other people, your body language can become a critical part of your communication and may even come to define your success or failure.

There are a number of simple yet powerful strategies which can make your encounters more productive and effective. If you are an office worker, you can use these strategies to have an edge over your colleague, client or even your boss. If you are a trainer you can use them to make your training more effective and memorable.

These body language strategies are as follows:

Observe your body posture

When presenting, talking or delivering you message, don’t cross your arms. You will appear defensive and closed. Instead, show the palm of your hands, adopt an open posture with open arms and uncrossed legs and show that you are confident about your position. In particular, don’t ever close your arms when answering questions after you have given a talk or presentation.

Conduct meetings while standing

Research shows that meetings conducted while standing take significantly less time than those where people are sitting on comfortable chairs. Standing meetings will be more efficient for your organisation and will also help the staff to exercise their legs. This is particularly useful given today’s style of office work. To start this, simply remove all chairs from your meeting rooms, while providing whiteboards and marker pens. That’s all you need!

Talk within the first 30 seconds

When in the company of strangers, you may feel shy or conservative to initiate a discussion or follow up on what is currently discussed. The best way to remove your stress is to make sure you say something within the first 30 seconds of the encounter. Remember, this is not to say a simple “hi”. You need to say something that can define you, so others can get a hint of the ‘type’ of person you are and understand that you are a player. If you don’t say anything, you may find it more and more difficult to break in at later stages, not to mention that others are more likely to ignore you altogether even when you say something later on.

Watch the buttons and keep the room warm

While in a meeting, people who wear their jackets with closed buttons are more likely to cross their arms and so become more defensive to new ideas (or at least appear to be). Unbuttoning a jacket is a good sign that the person is open to the idea they just heard and you can use this knowledge to your advantage. People who appear defensive to each other can unnecessarily bring a discussion to a halt. This also suggests the important of having warm meeting rooms where you can expect the attendees to take their jackets off and minimise the chances of crossing arms and closing bodies which will eventually lead to ineffective discussions.

Travel light

People with slim briefcases appear higher up in the hierarchy as they have other people to carry the detailed paperwork for them. Going out to important meetings without an overstuffed briefcase shows that you are a person who cares about the core business and is in control of the situation. However, be careful not to arrive at your destination unprepared or without the right materials. That certainly doesn’t help you make the right impression!

Try not to touch your face

Many gestures that involve touching the face or the head while talking give away valuable signals to others. For example, touching the nose or the ears, putting fingers on the mouth or the corner of the mouth indicate lying or an attempt to mislead. Other gestures such as resting your chin on your fingers suggest that you are not convinced about what you just heard which again gives away your position. To keep your thoughts private, simply use a general rule as follows; keep your hands away from your face and preferably below your chin. This way, you keep your thoughts to yourself and also appear more authoritative.

Place your competitors with their backs to an open space

Research shows that a person with an open back is stressed with signs of increased heart rate, increased brain activity, rapid breathing and even sweating. A person with an open back may unconsciously be afraid of attacks from behind. This vulnerability may give you some advantages. Naturally, if you find yourself in this position, come up with an excuse to change your position. For example, you can say, “I have a bad back and I feel a breeze on my back, I am going to sit over there. Hope that’s OK with you.”

Due to technological revolution we can already imagine us driving not only solar-powered car, but also ocean energy-powered, oil or natural gas-powered and even nuclear-powered car.

Already the US gets about 20 percent of its electricity from nuclear power and with President Obama’s new commitment for more uranium-fired power plants, that percentage could rise a few points. So, depending on what grid your electric car is recharging from, or for that matter what time of day it is, your car could very well be storing electricity generated at a nuclear plant. If so you’ll have a nuclear-powered car.

All this assumes that someday you’ll be driving an electrically-driven car, which is a likelihood that’s increasing almost daily.

Certainly, financial help from Washington, using money on loan from the nation’s taxpayers, is helping to push along the drift toward electric driving. The requirement for automakers to meet new fuel economy standards is also helping the electric drive effort.

But government is not the only force behind this electric drive effort: Small companies and startups are getting into the electric car business because they want to. Ditto for big companies. Many of the majors are making sure electric cars and trucks are in their model portfolios of the future because they want them there. more

Satellite for collecting solar energy will be used by EADS Astrium, then the enerby will be transmitted to Earth by an infrared lasew.  Company officials told the BBC they have already tested laser power transmission in the lab and that such a system would not post a safety risk if misdirected.

A main limitation, at the moment, is the size of the laser that can be built, Astrium Chief Technology Officer Robert Laine told the BBC. He said a small demonstration project that could transmit 10 to 20 kW of useful energy to the ground could be ready in the next five years.

Actually I wrote about it during first 2 days of January…it was interesting to write about it, because it is always interesting to see what is right for developed countries and what they try to spread in developing countries. The title of my paper was about empowerment women in Arab countries…but there is no empowerment, because they have a lot of problems to solve before starting to empower women.

It was very interesting to see the evolution of society’s development. I needed to look at the Arab Human Development Reports from 2002 until 2009 and to see how violenced are women there. I also had to look some theoretical books, but of course statistics are more interesting. So I ll skip the theoretical aspect of the paper, which I had to write, but was not interested in at all ))

First of all I would like to mention the freedom issue, which was repeated in several reoports. Women dont have freedom in most of that countries and are violenced at home. And only in 2005 there was something about respecting the right of freedom, etc.

Then I want to talk about education issue. The quality of education there is very low, so they were trying to make it better. Especially starting from 2004. Because education is the key point of country’s economic and social development, and because uneducated people, especially women, are majority there, and because the level of unemployment are very high there, thats why economy of arab countries suffer.

Then it was something about citizenship, the respect of citizenship, etc.

Mostly I was suprised by the freedom, and because in some arab countries women dont have the right to vote so far.

So while women are equal to men and empowered in developed countires, in arab countries they still need to struggle for their freedom, its terrible. It means, that they even are not respected by their society.

The conclusion part was that, first of all women neet to be respected to have freedom, then only they can be empowered.

Im happy that I could to defend my paper somehow…because I cant talk infront of the public…and now again I have time to continue my reading of the book.

So, when I looked at the list of literature, I liked first the title “The transformation of peace”. It seems interesting, so I already started to read. But after reading the preface, I decided to search the information about his backgound.

So, when I started to read his biography….I was surprised. Now, I want you to be surprised as well….I think I ll read at least all his books, and maybe some articles

Biography

Oliver Richmond’s primary area of expertise is in peace and conflict theory, and in particular its interlinkages with IR theory. He is interested in how critical approaches to international theory impact upon debates about conflict and peace, and in concepts of peace and their implicit usages in IR theory. His book, The Transformation of Peace was published in 2005/7 and was funded by a Leverhulme Fellowship. It examined the conceptualisation of peace, and in particular the construction of the ‘liberal peace’, in post-conflict zones.  A new volume called ‘Liberal Peace Transitions: Between Peacebuilding and Statebuilding’ was derived from the Liberal Peace Transitions project at CPCS (2006-8) which resulted from “Transformation of Peace”. Since his critical work on the liberal peace was first published he has become interested in hybridity, the local, resistance, and other forms of agency in peacebuilding, as well as their impact on shaping a “post-liberal peace”.

He is involved in different projects, you can read more about that here

He directs the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies.

He edits a Palgrave Book Series called Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies, which seeks to provide a forum for the development of new and alternative approaches for understanding the dynamics of conflict and of the construction of peace.

Books

A Post-Liberal Peace (forthcoming)

Critical Advances in Peacebuilding (Ed.), Palgrave Macmillan: 2010

“Liberal Peacebuilding reconstructed”, Special Issue of International Peacekeeping, with Roger MacGinty and Kristoffer Liden, 2010

New Perspectives on Liberal Peacebuilding (co-edited with Edward Newman and Roland Paris), UN University Press: 2009

Liberal Peace Transitions: Between Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (with Jason Franks), Edinburgh University Press: 2009

Peace in IR, Routledge, 2008.

Global Communication and IR, Special Issue of Review of International Studies (co-edited with Costas Constantinou and Alison Watson): 2008.

The Liberal Peace and Post-Conflict Reconstruction (co-edited with Roger MacGinty) special issue of Global Society: 2007.

Challenges to Peacebuilding: Managing Spoilers During Conflict Resolution (co-edited with Edward Newman), UN University Press: 2006.

The Transformation of Peace, Palgrave: 2005.

Dilemmas of NGO Peacebuilding, (co-edited with Henry C. Carey), Ashgate: 2005.

Mitigating Conflict: NGOs in Peace Processes, Special Issue of International Peacekeeping and Book (co-edited with Henry C. Carey); Frank Cass 2003.

Maintaining Order, Making Peace. Palgrave 2002.

The United Nations and Human Security: Beyond Peacekeeping, (co-edited with Edward Newman); Palgrave 2001.

The Work of the UN in Cyprus: Promoting Peace and Development, (co-edited with James KerLindsay); Palgrave 2001.

Mediating in Cyprus: The Cypriot Communities and the United Nations, Frank Cass Series on Peacekeeping, 1998.

Articles

“Beyond Northern Epistemologies of Peace” Peacebuilding Reconstructed?¿ in `Liberal Peacebuilding reconstructed¿, Special Issue of International Peacekeeping, with Roger MacGinty and Kristoffer Liden, 2010.

“Liberal Peace Transitions: Towards a Post-Liberal Peace in IR?”,

“Becoming Liberal, Unbecoming Liberalism: The Everyday, Empathy, and Post-Liberal  Peacebuilding”, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 3, No 3, 2009.

“The Impact of Orthodox Terrorism Discourses on the Construction of the Liberal Peace: Internalisation, Resistance or Hybridisation?”, (with Jason Franks), Critical Terrorism Studies, 2009.

“De facto states and international custodianship: Ethnic Sovereignty in the cases of the Bosnian “Entities” and Kosovo” (with Rick Fawn), Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 3. No. 2, 2009.

“Eirenism and a Post-Liberal Peace” (Article for PRIO project). Review of International Studies, Vol.35, No 3, 2009.

“The Romanticisation of the Local: Welfare, Culture and Peacebuilding”,International Spectator, Vol.44, No.1, 2009.

“Between Partition and Pluralism: The Bosnia Jigsaw and an ‘Ambivalent Peace” with Jason Franks, Journal of Southeast Europe and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 9, No.1, 2009.

“Reclaiming Peace in International Relations’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 36, No. 3,  2008.

‘The Emperors’ New Clothes?  Liberal Peace in East Timor’, (with Jason Franks),International Peacekeeping, Vol.15, 2, 2008.

“Co-opting the Liberal Peace: Untying the Gordian Knot in Kosovo” (with Jason Franks), Cooperation and Conflict, Vol.43, No.1, 2008.

“The Peace Differend: Experimental Eclecticism and the [Re] Development of IR”,Alternatives, Vol.33, No.2, 2008.

“Emancipatory Forms of Human Security and Liberal Peacebuilding”, International Journal, Summer 2007.

“Critical Research Agendas for Peace: The Missing Link in the Study of International Relations”, Alternatives, Vol. 32, No.2 2007

‘Liberal Hubris: Virtual Peace in Cambodia’ (with Jason Franks), Security Dialogue, Vol. 38, No.1, 2007

“Spoilers in Peacebuilding”, Journal of Conflict and Development (with Edward Newman), Vol. 6, No.1, 2006.

“Shared Sovereignty and the Politics of Peace: Evaluating the EU’s `Catalytic’ Framework in the Eastern Mediterranean”, International Affairs, January 2006.

“Patterns of Peace”, Global Society, 2006.

“Understanding the Liberal Peace”, Conflict Security and Development, 2006.

“Human Security and the Liberal Peace: Tensions and Contradictions”, Whitehead Journal of International Studies, 2006.

“The Long Mile: Narratives of Sovereignty in Cyprus”, (with Costas Constantinou),Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 10, No.1., 2005.

“UN Peace Operations and the Dilemmas of the Peacebuilding Consensus”, Vol.10. No.4, 2004 in International Peacekeeping, 2004.

“The Dilemmas of Conflict Resolution: A Comparison of Cyprus and Sri Lanka”,Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. vol. 10, no. 2., 2004.

“The Globalisation of Approaches to Conflict”, in Cooperation and Conflict, Vol.39, No.2, 2004

“Realising Hegemony? New Wars, New Terrorism, and the Roots of Conflict”,Terrorism and Conflict Studies, 2003.

“Decolonisation and Post-Independence Causes of Conflict: The Case of Cyprus”.Civil Wars, 2002.

“States of Sovereignty, Sovereign States, and Ethnic Claims for International Status”. Review of International Studies. 2002.

“Towards a Genealogy of Peacemaking: The Creation and Recreation of Order”,Alternatives, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2001.

“Rethinking Conflict Resolution: The Linkage Problematic Between ‘Track I’ and ‘Track II”, The Journal of Conflict Studies, Fall 2001.

“Emerging Concepts of Security in the Post Cold War Order: Implications For Zones of Conflict at the Fringes of The EU”. European Security, Vol.9, No.1, 2000.

“No Man’s-Land? Ethnic Security in the International System”, Journal of International Relations and Development, No. 1, 2000.

“The Cyprus Conflict, Changing Norms of International Society, and Regional Disjunctures”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol. 13, No. 1 1999.

“Mediating Ethnic Conflict: A Task for Sisyphus?”, Global Society, Vol. 13., No.2., 1999.

“Ethno-Nationalist Debates and International Peacemaking: The Case of Cyprus”,Nationalism and Ethnic Studies, Vol.5., No.2., 1999.

“Devious Objectives and the Disputants’ Views of International Mediation: A Theoretical Framework”, Journal of Peace Research, Olso. Vol.35, No. 6, 1998

“The Development of Negotiating Positions During the Second Phase of the United Nations’ Peacemaking Operation in Cyprus, 1966-1974″, Thetis, University of Mannheim, Vol.5 1999.

“Cyprus At The Crossroads”, The Contemporary Review, Vol.272, No.1584, January 1998

“Drawn Into Conflict? Shaping the Dynamics of United Nations’ Peacemaking in the Cyprus Conflict 1964-5″, Thetis, University of Manheim, Vol.4 1997

“Turmoil in Cyprus: Another Hot Summer for the United Nations in the Eastern Mediterranean”, The Contemporary Review,  Vol.269., No.1570.,  November 1996.

“Negotiating Out of Fear and Fearing to Negotiate: Implications of the Dynamics of Peacemaking in Cyprus for Theoretical Approaches to the Ending of Conflict.”The Cyprus Review, Fall 1996.

“The Conflict Researcher and The Strategist: Theoretical Approaches to the Analysis of the Cyprus Problem” (co-authored with James Ker-Lindsay) The Cyprus Review,  Vol.7 No.2, Fall 1995.

“Peacekeeping and Peacemaking in Cyprus 1974-1994,” The Cyprus Review, Vol.6 No.2, Fall 1994.

Chapters in Books

¿The Return of Human Security¿ in D Chandler (ed.), Human Security and Statebuilding, forthcoming 2010.

¿Becoming Liberal, Unbecoming Liberalism¿, S Tadjbaksh, Alternatives to the Liberal Peace, New York: Palgrave, forthcoming 2010.

¿Conclusion: Strategic Peacebuilding Beyond the Liberal Peace¿, in Dan Philpott, John Paul Lederach, et al, (eds) Strategic Peacebuilding, Oxford University Press, forthcoming, 2009.

“The Culture of Liberal Peacebuilding and the Negation of Local Culture”, in Roland Bleiker and Morgan Brigg (eds.), Mediating Across Difference: Asian/Approaches to Security and Conflict, Hawaii University Press, forthcoming, 2009.

“The Rule of Law and Liberal Peacebuilding”, in Chandra Sriram (ed.), The Rule of law in African countries emerging from violent conflict: critical issues and cases, forthcoming, 2008.

“Beyond liberal peace: Why does ‘backsliding occur’ despite a peacebuilding consensus?”, in Beyond Liberal Peacebuilding (co-edited with Edward Newman and Roland Paris), UN University Press, forthcoming 2008.

“Welfare and the Civil Peace: A Missing Agenda?”, in M Pugh, The Political Economy of Peacebuilding (ed.), Palgrave, forthcoming, 2008.

“The UN and Liberal Peacebuilding: Consensus and Challenges” in Roger MacGinty and John Darby, International Peacemaking (2nd ed.), Palgrave, 2007.

“Multilateralism and the Liberal Peace/”, in D. Boutantanides, Multilateralism and Security Institutions in the Era of Globalization and Intervention, Routledge, 2007.

“The Intellectual History of Human Security”, in Peou Sorpong (eds), Human Security in East Asia, Routledge, Forthcoming 2008.

“The Globalisation of Approaches to Conflict”, in Paul James (ed.), Globalization and Violence, London: Sage, 2006.

“Spoiling and Devious Objectives in Peace Processes” in Oliver Richmond and Edward Newman, Spoilers in Peace Processes (eds.), UNU Press, 2006.

“NGOs and the Liberal Peace” in Henry C. Carey and Oliver P. Richmond (eds.),Subcontracting Peace: NGOs and Institution-Building in a Dangerous World. Ashgate, 2005.

“Colonialism, Decolonisation and Post-Independence Causes of Conflict: Mapping the Case of Cyprus.” in Hubert Faustmann (ed.), Britain in Cyprus: Colonialism and Post-Colonialism 1878-2006. Peleus, 2006.

“Human Security and the War on Terror” (with Jason Franks), Felix Dodds and Tim Pippard, Human and Environmental Security: An Agenda for Change, London: Earthscan, 2005.

“Re-Negotiating the Post-Colonial State System: The Cyprus Peace Process”, Michalis S. Michael (ed.), Cyprus in the World, Vanias Press, 2005.

“UN Peace Operations and the Dilemmas of the Peacebuilding Consensus”, in Alex J. Bellamy and Paul Williams, Peace Operations and Global Order, London: Frank Cass, 2004.

“The Role of NGOs in Human Rights Protection” in Christien van den Anker & Rhona Smith, Essential Guide to Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, 2004

“NGOs, Peace and Human Security”, Henry Carey and Oliver P Richmond,Mitigating Conflict: The Role of NGOs, Special Issue of International Peacekeeping and Edited Volume (co-edited); Frank Cass 2003.

“The Limits of UN Multi-dimensional Peace Operations: Sovereignty and Human Security” in The United Nations and Human Security: Mediating post-Westphalian International Relations. Co-edited with Edward Newman, UN University, Tokyo, Japan, 2001.

“The Multiple Dimensions of International Peacemaking: The UN, EU, and the Case of Cyprus”, in Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union: The EU and the Cyprus Conflict, Manchester University Press, 2001

“UN Mediation in Cyprus 1964-65: Setting A Precedent for Peacemaking?” in The Work of the UN in Cyprus: Promoting Peace and Development and Development. Co-edited with James Ker-Lindsay. Palgrave Publishers/ St Martin’s Press, 2001

Huge work…

Actually here is his oficial webpage ))

For the 428th straight year, much of the world will again use the familiar Gregorian calendar. We will suffer the fiscal quarters of varying lengths and the 52 weeks that don’t quite fill the year. We will recite rhymes to recall how many days are in June, and shrug if we are asked whether Halloween is on a weekday.

Almost since Pope Gregory XIII promulgated the new calendar — itself a reform of Julius Caesar’s calendar — in 1582, proposals have bubbled up for something better.

Apostles of efficiency lament that each year needs a fresh wall calendar. The astronomically precise complain that Gregory’s leap-year formula (every four years, except centuries not divisible by 400) is erratic, and a hair off the real year’s length anyway. The financially fixated sigh that next year there will be more shopping days between Thanksgiving and Christmas than this year.

“We have a world-wide consensus about this second-rate calendar that the pope imposed 400 years ago,” Simon Cassidy, a California software engineer and amateur calendar scholar, says by telephone from New Zealand, where he is spending the northern-hemisphere winter.

Creating a calendar is like fitting a lot of round pegs into not quite as many square holes. Western tradition demands a seven-day week. Ancient custom, rooted in moon cycles, calls for a 12-month year. The Earth’s tilted axis produces four seasons. But the Earth, uncooperatively, takes 365 days, plus a tad more, to go once around the sun, and 365 is divisible by none of seven, 12 or four. And thanks to the extra bit of time — about one-fourth of a day — required for a complete orbit, leap years are needed to keep things on track.

Irv Bromberg, who teaches at the University of Toronto medical school, got hooked on calendars four decades ago in a college astronomy course. Rankled by the ragged Gregorian calendar, he created “Symmetry454.” Every week and month begin on Monday, Christmas is always a Thursday, and in a nonleap year every quarter has the same number of days.

The price for this symmetry: In Symmetry454, 35 days hath February, May, August and November. All the rest have 28. Except in a leap year, when December, too, has 35. (Leap years occur every five or six years.) On average, the Symmetry454 year is slightly more than 365.2423 days.

For much of history, calendars have existed to organize life around seasons, to give regularity to plantings or religious observances. Medieval Christians knew that Caesar’s calendar, which had a leap year every four, needed fixing because spring kept coming earlier.

The spring equinox, the traditional start of the season in the northern hemisphere, occurs when the sun crosses directly above a point on the equator. That had historically been expected on March 21. But Caesar’s calendar, by including too many leap years, overstated the average length of a year by about 11 minutes.

That error built up over 16 centuries, and by Gregory’s time, the spring equinox was arriving a week and a half early on the calendar. Since Easter Sunday is based on the equinox, this caused great liturgical fuss. The Gregorian reform excised 10 days out of October 1582 and reworked leap years so that there would be three fewer every 400 years — for an average year length of 365.2425 days.

That is pretty close to the average length of a solar year, measured from one spring equinox to the next: just under 365.2424 days, according to modern astronomers.

Others have tried to do the pope one better. John Dee, a science adviser to Queen Elizabeth I, labored on alternatives. Mr. Cassidy says Dee came up with an “ideal” calendar with eight leap years every 33 years. That works out to an average year length of 365.2424 days. Elizabeth didn’t adopt Dee’s calendar, though England, no fan of the pope, stuck with Caesar’s until 1752.

Twentieth-century advocates of calendar change concentrated on efficiency — making the calendar “perpetual” so it didn’t need to be replaced. In the 1930s, the League of Nations considered a calendar backed by George Eastman of Eastman Kodak — 13 months of a beautifully regular 28 days (total, 364), plus an extra day at the end. But the U.S. was displeased that July 4 fireworks would be launched on the 17th day of the new month “Sol.” The proposal died.

In the 1950s, the United Nations tried anew, this time with the World Calendar. It is perpetual, every year begins on Sunday and every quarter has 91 days. All months have either 30 or 31 days. The 365th day, called “Worldsday” is appended at the end, after the year’s last Saturday.

Trouble is, eight days elapse between Sundays (or Saturdays) at the turn of the year. That messes with the Judeo-Christian admonition to keep the Sabbath holy. If God commands you to rest on the seventh day, what are you supposed to do about Worldsday? The religious objections were too much, and the U.N. took a pass.

Wayne Edward Richardson won’t let the dream die. Mr. Richardson, the director of the World Calendar Association, is preparing for 2012, which happily starts on a Sunday and is thus an ideal time to switch to the World Calendar. (If current efforts fail, the next shot is 2017.)

Source:  online.wsj.com

Security itself  a relative freedom from war, coupled with a relatively high expectation that defeat will not be a consequence of any war that should occur. (Ian Bellamy, “Towards a theory of international security”, Political Studies 1981)

A nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of  having to sacrifice core values it if wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged to maintain them by victory in such a war. (Walter Lippman, cited in Barry Buzan, People, states and Fear, 1991)

National security may be defined as the ability to withstand agression from abroad (Glacomo Luchiani, The economic content of security, Journal of Public Policy, 1989)

A treat to national security is an action or sequence of events that (1) treatens drastically and over a relatively brief span of time to degrade the quality  of life for the inhabitants of a state, or (2) treatens significantly to narrow the range of policy choices available to the government of a state or to private, nongovernmental entities (persons, groups, corporations) within the state. (Richard H. Ullman, Redefining security, International security, 1983)

Security is an objective sense, measures the absence of treats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked. (Arnold Wolfers, Discord and Collaboration, 1962)

If people, be they government ministers or private individuals, perceive an issue to threaten their lives in some way and respond politically to this, then that issue should be deemed to be a security issue (emphasis in original). (Peter Hough, Understanding Global security, London Routledge, 2004)

Secutiry…implies both coercive means to check an aggressor and all manner of persuasion, bolstered by the prospect of mutually shared benefits, to transform hostility into cooperation. (Edward A. Kolodziej, Security and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 2005)